GALAXY EVOLUTION

FROM: NASA

　

The Hubble Legacy: Galaxy Evolution
Three astronomers explain how Hubble acts like a time machine by detecting which galaxies are moving toward and away from us.

U.S. JUSTICE DEPARTMENT SETS ABOUT REFORMATION OF THE PUERTO RICO POLICE DEPARTMENT

FROM: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

Friday, December 21, 2012
Justice Department Enters into Agreement to Reform the Puerto Rico Police Department

The Justice Department (DOJ) today entered into a sweeping agreement with the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and Governor Luis Fortuño to resolve its civil investigation of the Puerto Rico Police Department (PRPD). The complaint and the agreement were filed today in the U.S. District Court of Puerto Rico, along with a joint motion requesting a temporary stay of the proceedings until April 15, 2013 to provide the incoming administration of Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla sufficient time to review the agreement.

The comprehensive agreement addresses wide-ranging and ongoing constitutional violations by PRPD that were documented in a lengthy DOJ report issued in September 2011. The department found reasonable cause to believe that PRPD engages in a pattern or practice of use of excessive force, use of unreasonable force designed to suppress protected speech, and unconstitutional searches and seizures. The agreement also addresses allegations that PRPD fails to investigate sex crimes and domestic violence, and engages in discriminatory policing.

"We appreciate the hard work of Governor Fortuño, Superintendent Hector Pesquera, and their staff. Together, and with great input from the public, we have designed a comprehensive blueprint for reform that provides a solid foundation that will professionalize and support the hardworking men and women of PRPD as they protect the people of Puerto Rico," said Thomas E. Perez, Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division. "We have also met with Governor-elect Garcia-Padilla, who recognizes that constitutional policing and effective policing go hand in hand. We look forward to working with Governor-elect García Padilla and his incoming administration to finalize the agreement and begin the critical work of rebuilding PRPD. Ensuring effective, constitutional policing is not a partisan issue, and we appreciate the commitment of Governor Fortuño and Governor-elect García Padilla to the reforms embodied in the agreement. The successful implementation of the reforms contained in this agreement will help to reduce crime, ensure respect for the Constitution and restore public confidence in PRPD."

Today’s agreement was reached after extensive negotiations with commonwealth officials and their police consultants. The agreement provides a comprehensive blueprint for meaningful, sustainable reform and reflects the input of many community stakeholders from throughout the Commonwealth, including police affinity groups, members of the Puerto Rico business community, students, representatives of the Dominican community, and members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual and transgender communities.

The agreement addresses the policies, procedures, training, internal and external oversight, disciplinary systems and information and data integrity mechanisms that caused or contributed to the pattern or practice of misconduct. It also details necessary changes intended to ensure that police services are delivered to the people of Puerto Rico in a manner that is effective, complies with the Constitution, and promotes the community’s trust in PRPD. For instance, the agreement contains provisions that are designed to increase transparency and promote PRPD’s responsiveness to the community, including measures that require regular meetings with community representatives to facilitate cooperation and communication; collection and dissemination of accurate and up-to-date crime statistics; community outreach programs in each PRPD region; and independent and periodic compliance assessments that are available to the public.

The purpose of the joint motion requesting a temporary stay of the proceedings is to provide the incoming administration with a meaningful opportunity to review the agreement. The department and representatives of Governor Fortuño have met independently with Governor-elect García Padilla and his transition team to brief them on the investigation’s findings and the agreement. The stay, requested until April 15, 2013, will provide Governor-elect García Padilla and his incoming administration with a meaningful opportunity to review the agreement, and either accept it or negotiate necessary changes, before the department and Commonwealth request approval and entry of the agreement as an order. During this period, the department will continue its ongoing outreach into communities across Puerto Rico to seek input and feedback. Once approved and entered by the district court, the agreement will resolve the department’s civil action, and the implementation phase will immediately begin.

Holidays at the White House 2012 | The White House

Holidays at the White House 2012 | The White House

U.S.-MALAWI RELATIONS

 

Map:  Malawi.  Credit:  CIA World Factbook.

FROM: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE

The United States established diplomatic relations with Malawi in 1964, following its full independence from the United Kingdom. Malawi saw one-party rule from 1966 to 1994. The transition from a one-party state to a multi-party democracy in 1994 strengthened bilateral relations between the United States and Malawi. The two countries have worked together to advance health, education, agriculture, energy, and environmental projects. In 2012, the U.S. reinstated the Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact partnership with Malawi following a number of reforms enacted by the Government of Malawi.

U.S. and Malawian views on the necessity of economic and political stability in southern Africa generally coincide. Through an assessment of its own national interests and foreign policy objectives, Malawi advocates peaceful solutions to the region's problems through negotiation. The country works to achieve these objectives in a variety of regional and international forums. The United States and Malawi engage in military-to-military programs. Malawi was the first southern African nation to receive peacekeeping training under the U.S.-sponsored African Crisis Response Force Initiative and has joined its successor, the Africa Contingency Operations Training and Assistance program.

U.S. Assistance to Malawi

U.S. assistance in Malawi seeks to promote food security and agriculture-based economic growth and poverty reduction; preserve Malawi’s unique biodiversity and its ability to mitigate climate change; strengthen public and private institutions for better delivery of social services; empower the private sector and civil society; and advance democracy, human rights, and good governance. U.S. partnerships with the Government of Malawi, civil society, and other donors aim to address weaknesses and gaps that constrain the government’s efforts to meet the basic needs of its citizens, support regional stability, and help the government remain a responsible actor on the international stage.

Bilateral Economic Relations

Malawi is eligible for preferential trade benefits under the African Growth and Opportunity Act. U.S. exports to Malawi include wheat, low-value shipments, pharmaceutical products, baking-related products, and machinery. U.S. imports from Malawi include tobacco, apparel, tea, macadamia nuts, and sugars.

The United States has signed a trade and investment framework agreement with the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, of which Malawi is a member.

Malawi's Membership in International Organizations

Malawi and the United States belong to a number of the same international organizations, including the United Nations, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and World Trade Organization.



Malawi Locator Map. 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FROM CIA WORLD FACTBOOK
Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule under President Hastings Kamuzu BANDA the country held multiparty elections in 1994, under a provisional constitution that came into full effect the following year. President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA, elected in May 2004 after a failed attempt by the previous president to amend the constitution to permit another term, struggled to assert his authority against his predecessor and subsequently started his own party, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in 2005. MUTHARIKA was reelected to a second term in May 2009. As president, he oversaw some economic improvement. He died abruptly in April 2012 and was succeeded by his vice president, Joyce BANDA. Population growth, increasing pressure on agricultural lands, corruption, and the spread of HIV/AIDS pose major problems for Malawi.

IMAGINE THE FUTURE 2030

 

Water and alternative energies will become increasingly important in the year 2030 and beyond. Here, Soldiers from the 1st Armored Division, and local residents, install a solar-powered water filter in Chaka 1, Lutifiyah Nahia, Iraq. Photo courtesy of the Department of the Army

FROM: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 'ARMED WITH SCIENCE'

by jtozer
Army Leaders Probe 'Deep Future'
Trying to anticipate what the world might be like in 2030 would seem to be in the realm of science fiction writers, but the

Army is interested too.

Helping the Army to get a better sight picture on the future are some of the world’s greatest minds, from the academic and scientific communities, as well as the Army and Defense Department. Many of them met here at the Bolger Center for a week of participation in Unified Quest break-out study groups on future trends.
And, incidentally, science fiction writers, many of whom have advanced degrees in science and whose future visions are sometimes on target, were part of the collaboration process of Unified Quest.
STRATEGIC TRENDS

The Army’s senior leaders think it is important for planning purposes to know where the service will be in 2030 and beyond, dates it terms the "deep future."

The reason deep future is important is because plans often take decades to materialize into reality. First there are discussions and concepts leading to models and simulations; then to live experimentation, aka field exercises, to "battle-test" those plans with real soldiers; and, finally to put it in doctrine, from which real-world decisions are made in manning, materiel, tactics and strategy.

The process is dynamic, meaning these plans and concepts are continually revised based on new technologies and the ever-changing world.

Leading the future planning effort is the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, or TRADOC, the organization which heads the Campaign of Learning, of which Unified Quest 2013, the deep future study portion, is part.

To promote the candor necessary for open and meaningful dialog, names of the panelists and the some 100 participants could not be used for attribution, except during the media roundtable which followed, with Maj. Gen. Bill C. Hix, TRADOC’s director of the Concepts Development and Learning Directorate; and Col. Kevin M. Felix, TRADOC’s chief of the Future Warfare Division.

Hix emphasized that deep future thinking "is not about teleporting or trying to predict the future. Rather, it is about understanding trends and plausible scenarios so leaders today are better informed in their decision making and are not caught off guard by surprises."

REGIONAL FACTORS

Hyper-empowered individuals are terrorists and criminals who are empowered by modern technologies, which they would be willing to use to cause harm and even threaten national security.

These non-state actors are expected to proliferate. As they do, nation states are expected to form regional alliances and to grow more agile in responding to these threats, as well as to build a level of political and psychological resilience. Terrorist groups will continue to use social media as a tool to network and spread.

Nation-states may become less relevant than they are now as people with common ideologies or grievances such as the haves and have-nots connect via social media. The Arab Spring was an example of how quickly word, followed by actions, can spread.

The Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region will still be important in 2030 and beyond, with China and India growing as strong, regional military powers.

"The global economy will likely still depends on Middle East oil and because of our interconnection with the global economy, that region will still be in our strategic interest, even though it will be unlikely that we get our oil from there," Hix said.

Henry Hudson’s 17th-century dream of finding the Northwest Passage may become a reality as global warming accelerates the melting of the Polar icecap. This will open the sea lanes for navigation and exploitation of natural resources. Russia in particular is expected to benefit from these climate changes.

As many nations continue to age, third-world countries like those in Africa will have a "youth-bulge," which could lead to displaced persons and civil unrest as poverty there increases, along with a climate less favorable for agriculture.

Water will become an increasingly strategic asset, as nations in the Middle East and South Asia build dams upstream, denying water to those downstream. Also, desalination plants could become targets for terrorists, as their importance becomes increasingly important.

As these scenarios play out, "we have to ask ourselves if it is in our vital interest to intervene," Felix cautioned.

Overall, economies of the world will likely grow, resulting in a brain drain, as many scientists in the U.S. return to their native countries.

"We need to work harder at attracting the best minds into the fields of science and technology rather than letting them to disperse around the globe," Hix suggested.
He said the possibility of an improved world economy "is not a problem for us as more boats are lifted by the rising tide of prosperity."
Hix added that economic competition is good for everyone, but that America must maintain its military edge so that prosperity and freedom will continue.

HUMAN FACTORS

The Army needs to put better corporate human factors into its design of future technology as funding for training and materiel tightens. Human factors include such things as user-testing and matching the best functions of machines with human physiological and psychological capabilities.
Humans have certain advantages over machines like creativity and judgment.
Repetitive and monotonous tasks are best done by machines so manpower is not wasted, experts said.

Machines will continue to increase their advantage at processing information at a phenomenal rate of speed and robots will continue to proliferate on the future battlefield, putting soldiers out of harm’s way, some experts said. This could mean Army recruits will be valued even more so for their technological abilities as they are for their physical prowess.

Biomechanics, nanotechnology and medicine will make it likely that super powerful and intelligent soldiers could be developed. Discussions in society regarding the ethics and possible restrictions of this science need to take place, some warned as they raised an important question: If others have access to these advancements, will they be as concerned about the ethics?

COST FACTORS

The Army will need new partners, not just with the other services and treaty allies. These partners could include multinational and transnational business leaders. The partnership will be increasingly important as manufacturing becomes more global and decentralized and as machines become more intelligent.

Hix discussed the symbiotic relation the Army could have with industry, helping them with the development cost, and in turn, acquiring those products at lower cost due to the economies of scale that the Army brings with its large size.

Industry is already leading the way in new technologies that could conceivably be adapted for use by the Army. For instance, Google has already figured out how to make a self-driving car and manufacturers are producing 3-D printers.

The convergence of those capabilities and trends could lead to a leaner sustainment footprint, eliminate a soldier’s need to operate in convoys, and enable a more expeditionary Army, Felix said.

"It is likely we will have increased robotics capabilities to enhance soldiers and operations, but technology and economic constraints may limit the full realization of the convergence of robots with artificial intelligence by 2030, Felix continued.
Hix concluded that "this is just the first step in looking at the future. But it’s an important step. We need to have some idea what’s over the horizon."
By David Vergun

Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB) Releases Child Labor Business Toolkit - US. Department of Labor

Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB) Releases Child Labor Business Toolkit - US. Department of Labor

Global Counterterrorism: A Progress Report

Global Counterterrorism: A Progress Report

U.S. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PANETTA IS ANGY OVER CHILD DEVELOPMENT CENTER'S PROBLEMS

FROM: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

Panetta 'Disappointed, Angry' at Child Development Center Lapses
By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service

WASHINGTON, Dec. 19, 2012 - Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta is "deeply disappointed and angry" at lapses at the Fort Myer, Va., child development center, Pentagon spokesman George Little said today.

Two workers at the Fort Myer facility were arrested Sept. 26 for assaulting children under their care. An investigation revealed that other workers had derogatory information in their background that called into question their suitability for working with children, officials said.

"The Army has launched an investigation into hiring processes not only at Fort Myer, but throughout the United States Army military child care system," Little said.

Panetta learned of the problems at the facility yesterday, and immediately ordered the other services to examine their hiring procedures as well.

Little said he has no information that the problems are more widespread. "But let me be very clear: the secretary believes that the care of our children is paramount, ... and he will settle for nothing less than the highest standards of care for our military children," he added.

More than 1 million children belong to U.S. military families throughout the world. "They are part of the DOD family, and we will do whatever we can to protect them, wherever they may be," Little said.

The press secretary said he expects the investigation to move beyond child development centers and cover youth activities programs and the DOD Education Activity facilities on bases and installations around the world.

In addition to looking at the hiring practices, Little said, the secretary is looking into why it took three months for news about the Fort Myer situation to reach him.

"No one likes to be surprised," Little said. "I don't know where the breakdown [in communications] was. It's something we're looking into, and clearly this information didn't get reported up the chain of command as quickly as we think it should have."

"iTRADE" STUDENTS LEARN HARD "iLESSON" ABOUT INVESTMENT ADVISOR FRAUD

FROM: U.S. COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION

CFTC Settles Charges against Virginia Resident Alexander Giap for Engaging in Two Fraudulent Commodity Futures Trading Schemes

Federal Court in Virginia orders Giap to pay over $700,000 in restitution and penalties and permanently bars him from the commodities industry

Washington, DC – The U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) today announced that it obtained a federal court order requiring defendant Alexander Giap of Falls Church, Va., to pay $456,743 in restitution to defrauded customers and a $250,000 civil monetary penalty for violating the anti-fraud provisions of the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) (see CFTC Press Release 6191-12, February 27, 2012, as a Related Link). The consent order of permanent injunction, entered on December 17, 2012, by the Honorable Claude M. Hilton of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, also imposes permanent trading and registration bans against Giap and prohibits him from violating the CEA, as charged.

The order finds that Giap engaged in two schemes in which he acted as an unregistered Commodity Trading Advisor (CTA). In the first scheme, which took place in 2009, Giap solicited customers to participate in iTRADE, a purported "school" that Giap used to conduct his CTA business, according to the order. iTRADE "students" provided Giap with "tuition" ranging from $4,000 to $20,000 and traded under Giap’s direction, the order finds. Giap and iTRADE offered a money back guarantee under which the iTRADE students would retain all profits from trading until they had recovered their initial deposit, the order finds. However, Giap’s trading resulted in substantial losses, losing money seven out of the nine months from January 2009 through September 2009, according to the order.

Furthermore, the order finds that Giap made a number of material misrepresentations and failed to disclose material facts when he solicited customers to engage his services, including that he was a convicted felon who still owed restitution relating to his criminal conviction and was subject to Internal Revenue Service liens for delinquent taxes. Giap also failed to disclose the full extent of his history of losses incurred trading commodity futures, that he was not registered with the CFTC as a CTA, and that he had never traded commodity futures prior to January 2009, according to the order.

In Giap’s second commodity futures trading scheme, which began in October 2009, he defrauded three additional customers through the same material omissions as his first scheme, and his trading resulted in substantial financial losses to customers, according to the order.

The CFTC thanks the Virginia Corporation Commission for its assistance.

CFTC Division of Enforcement staff members responsible for this matter are Allison Baker Shealy, Jason Mahoney, Timothy J. Mulreany, George Malas, Rainey Perez, John Einstman, Paul G. Hayeck, and Joan Manley.

VEHICLE OPERATOR RUNNING A PERSONNEL SHOP

 

Air Force Tech. Sgt. Christopher McDaniel explains an inprocessing sheet to a visiting service member at the provincial reconstruction team in Afghanistan's Zabul province, Dec. 17, 2012. U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Patrice Clarke

FROM: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

Face of Defense: Vehicle Operator Runs Personnel Shop
By Air Force Senior Airman Patrice Clarke
Provincial Reconstruction Team Zabul

ZABUL PROVINCE, Afghanistan, Dec. 19, 2012 - "Just go to the training so we have someone trained until the actual S1 gets here."

That statement is what ultimately landed Air Force Tech. Sgt. Christopher McDaniel, a vehicle operator deployed from Joint Base Langley-Eustis, Va., in his current position as the noncommissioned officer in charge of personnel, or S1, for the provincial reconstruction team and Forward Operating Base Smart here.

This deployment, his fourth, is his first working outside his vehicle operator career field. When he joined the Air Force more than 10 years ago, he said, his career choice was driven by time, not position.

"I always knew I was going to join the Air Force -- since I was a little kid," McDaniel said. "I knew that it was something I wanted to do, and even then knew that it was ... something I was going to retire from." When he walked into the Air Force recruiter's office a year after high school, he added, he told the recruiter he wanted to join and wanted to leave in about a month. He was given a list of five available Air Force specialty codes and he ultimately chose 2T1X1, or vehicle operator.

"Vehicle operations sounded fun to me," he said.

Being a vehicle operator has been fun, the Detroit native said. In his previous deployments, he amassed more than 34,000 combat miles on convoys in Iraq.

"Once I started doing convoys, it really let me see the bigger picture, where [vehicle operators] fit into the bigger mission," McDaniel said. "At home station, you're driving bus routes or something like that, and you don't really see how you fit into the overall mission. Deployed, you're moving stuff that is integral to someone, somewhere. You are taking vital supplies and cargo to other bases that need it."

After his last deployment, McDaniel even logged instructor time at the Air Force's Basic Combat Convoy Course at Camp Bullis, Texas, training other vehicle operators on the ins and outs of convoys before they deployed. Though he enjoyed instructor time, McDaniel said, he wanted to deploy again. When the opportunity arose for a nine-month deployment to Afghanistan as part of a provincial reconstruction team, he jumped at the chance.

"When the unit deployment manager told everyone there was a deployment to Afghanistan, I immediately said, 'Send me,'" he said. "I hadn't deployed in a while, and I wanted to get back out there."

Many provincial reconstruction team members have to attend months of training before deploying, and McDaniel was no different. He attended his first training related to the deployment in June for an October departure.

"I was training as a vehicle guy," he said with a laugh. But when McDaniel arrived at Camp Atterbury, Ind., in July for more training with the team, the team's needs changed the plan.

"We thought I was just going to fill this position at Atterbury until the real, trained S1 arrived," he said.

Army Sgt. Maj. Gregory Rowland, the provincial reconstruction team's sergeant major, said three things factored in the decision to choose McDaniel as the interim S1.


"The first was rank, second was what section could afford to lose one of its noncommissioned officers, and the third was personality," Rowland said. "McDaniel fit the bill."

Now, three months into the deployment, McDaniel continues to be the interim S1 and has embraced his position, despite his lack of formal training. "Here, the job is all about accountability -- being accountable for the other people on your team," he said.

McDaniel is in charge of accountability for every member on the forward operating base, including the military members, civilians, contractors, interpreters and local employees. He also takes care of personnel issues such as emergency leave, reports, awards and decorations. At Smart, the S1 also is the lead mail handler. McDaniel takes it all in stride.

"I would say the biggest obstacle is that I'm not an admin person and I don't have some of the answers or access to [answers for] people's questions right away," he said. "I find those answers, though. It's all about adapting to your environment and completing the mission. I'm learning as we go."

His leaders have noticed his drive and dedication.

"I thought it was pretty amazing that he could make the transition so quickly from an operational job like that to a more administrative position," said Air Force Lt. Col. Justin Kraft, the provincial reconstruction team's commander. "Frankly, he's doing a great job, not just with the S1 position, but with everything he's taken on," Kraft said.

McDaniel also has taken on the role of morale and welfare coordinator, hosting poker and spades tournaments and other events.

"That's something you usually don't get from an S1 -- or a trucker for that matter," Kraft said. "He really cares about the unit, and his esprit de corps is something that most people should emulate."

Though he spends a majority of his time wearing the S1 hat, McDaniel is still able to take a turn behind the wheel and has racked up some Afghanistan miles as well. He advises anyone who is put in a position outside their level of expertise to keep an open mind.

"You don't know if you are going to like the position or not," he said. "Remember that whoever put you in that position must believe you can handle it. I thank [my leaders] for the opportunity to expand my breadth of experience."

PRESIDENTIAL INAGURATION PREPARATION

Members of the U.S. Army's 3rd Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard) Fife and Drum Corps march down Pennsylvania Avenue during the 2009 Presidential Inaugural Parade in Washington, D.C., Jan. 20, 2009. More than 5,000 service members are providing ceremonial support to the Jan. 21, 2013, presidential inauguration, which is a military tradition dating back to George Washington's 1789 inauguration. DOD photo by Army Staff Sgt. Timothy Kingston

FROM: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE,

Troops Prepare to Support Presidential Inauguration Events
Joint Task Force – National Capital Region 57th Presidential Inauguration

WASHINGTON, Dec. 21, 2012 - The Joint Task Force – National Capital Region announces military participation for the 57th Presidential Inaugural Parade following President-elect Barack Obama's second swearing-in ceremony and inaugural address on Jan. 21, 2013.

The Presidential Inaugural Committee officially announced several selections of Inaugural Parade participants, including military organizations, Dec. 18. Military support is designed to provide appropriate honors to the commander in chief, recognize civilian control of the military and celebrate democracy.

Traditionally, military units from each of the five branches have marched in the Presidential escort and in the Inaugural Parade. More than 2,100 military personnel will be marching in the parade, with a total of about 5,000 troops supporting the inauguration.

Additionally, for the current inauguration, 2,807 groups applied to march in the parade. All applications were collected and organized by JTF-NCR and 317 were submitted to the PIC, which is appointed by the President-elect. These applications were reviewed by the PIC with assistance of the JTF-NCR, including members of several military bands, musical acts and drill teams.

"The Inauguration day parade is the largest, most complicated event that takes place in the nation's capital, which requires a multitude of mission partners to work together," said Army Maj. Gen. Michael S. Linnington, JTF– NCR's commanding general. "The role of the military in this event is one of support. We are here to support the Presidential Inauguration Committee, Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies, and the other civilian agencies."

Service members involved in the 2013 Presidential Inauguration represent an integrated Total Force -- soldiers, Marines, sailors, airmen, and Coast Guard members -- proudly serving their country at home and around the world. This support comprises musical units, marching bands, color guards, salute batteries and honor cordons, which render appropriate ceremonial honors to the commander in chief.

Below is the list of military organizations selected to participate in inaugural activities on Jan. 21, 2013:

-- Military support to the Presidential Escort;

-- JTF-NCR senior service representatives led by Maj. Gen. Michael S. Linnington;

-- Joint Staff led by Army Col. James C. Markert, commander 3rd U.S. Infantry (The Old Guard) Regiment;

-- The United States Army Band (Pershing's Own), led by Drum Major, Master Sgt. Scott Little;

-- 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard);

-- U.S. Marine Corps. Ceremonial Guard Company, Marine Barracks Washington, D.C.;

-- Armed Forces Color Guard;

-- U.S. Navy Ceremonial Guard;

-- U.S. Air Force Honor Guard;

-- U.S. Coast Guard Honor Guard;

-- The Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps led by Drum Major Master Sgt. William White; and

-- The Commander and Chief's Guard.

The Presidential Escort is often viewed by the general public as part of the Inaugural Parade. However, the Presidential Escort is actually a smaller, distinct procession that, in addition to the President and Vice President, includes the U.S. Army Band, Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps, Honor Platoons for each of the armed services, and the Armed Forces Color Guard.

There are five distinct parade divisions and each division is comprised of various elements of the five armed services.

Division 1

-- U.S. Army, Staff comprising academy, active, guard and reserve members;

-- The U.S. Army Field Band;

-- The U.S. Military Academy Marching Company, West Point, N.Y.;

-- The U.S. Army Marching Company, 3rd U.S. Infantry;

-- The U.S. Army Color Guard, 3rd U.S. Infantry;

-- The U.S. Army National Guard, D.C. National Guard;

-- The U.S. Army Reserve, 200th Military Police Command, Fort Meade, Md.; and

-- The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Hanscom Air Force Base, Mass.

Division 2

-- U.S. Marine Corps, Staff comprising active and reserve members;

-- The U.S. Marine Band (The President's Own);

-- The U.S. Marine Corps Marching Company, Ceremonial Guard Company;

-- The U.S. Marine Corps Color Guard; and

-- The U.S. Marine Corps Reserve Marching Company.

Division 3

-- U.S. Navy, Staff comprising academy, active, guard and reserve members;

-- The U.S. Navy Band;

-- The U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md.;

-- The U.S. Navy Ceremonial Guard;

-- The U.S. Navy Color Guard; and

-- The U.S. Navy Reserve.

Division 4

-- U.S. Air Force, Staff comprising academy, active, guard and reserve members;

-- The U.S. Air Force Band;

-- The U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colo.;

-- The U.S. Air Force Honor Guard;

-- The U.S. Air Force Color Guard;

-- The U.S. Air National Guard, 113th Wing, D.C Air National Guard; and

-- The U.S. Air Force Reserve, 459th Air Refueling Wing.

Division 5

-- U.S. Coast Guard, Staff comprising academy, active and reserve members;

-- The U.S. Coast Guard Band;

-- The U.S. Coast Guard Academy, New London, Conn.;

-- The U.S. Coast Guard Honor Guard;

-- The U.S. Coast Guard Color Guard;

-- The U.S. Coast Guard Reserve;

-- The U.S. Merchant Marine Academy Staff Element;

-- The U.S. Merchant Marine Academy Band;

-- The U.S. Merchant Marine Academy Color Guard; and

-- The U.S. Merchant Marine Academy.

In addition the PIC has selected the following military elements as representatives of their home states: Commanding General's Mounted Color Guard, Fort Riley, Kan., in historic cavalry uniforms, and the 81st Reserve Support Command Wildcats Color Guard, Fort Jackson, S.C., in historic World War I era uniforms.

Military involvement in the Presidential Inauguration is a centuries-old tradition. The U.S. military has participated in this important American tradition since April 30, 1789, when members of the U.S. Army, local militia units and Revolutionary War veterans escorted President George Washington to his first inauguration ceremony at Federal Hall in New York City.

RECENT PHOTOS FROM THE U.S. MARINE CORPS

FROM: U.S. MARINE CORPS
Coalition Forces Conduct Presence Patrol in Farah Province
A coalition force member talks to a villager during a presence patrol in Afghanistan's Farah province, Dec. 16, 2012. U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Pete Thibodeau.


　

A coalition force member speaks with a villager during a presence patrol in Afghanistan's Farah province, Dec. 16, 2012. U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Pete Thibodeau.

A small Afghan boy salutes coalition force members during a presence patrol in Afghanistan's Farah province, Dec. 16, 2012. U.S. Marine Corps photo by Sgt. Pete Thibodeau.

 

RECENT U.S. NAVY PHOTOS

 

FROM: U.S. NAVY
121220-D-UJ980-325 BEAUFORT, S.C. (Dec. 20, 2012) Sailors assigned to Naval Hospital Beaufort wrap presents for local military and civilian children in need. The presents were donated from members of the community due to the efforts of Hospital Corpsman 1st Class Donna Patrick, who for the past four years has volunteered to ensure local children have a happy holiday season. (U.S. Navy photo by Regena Kowitz/Released)

121220-N-AF077-084 NORFOLK (Dec. 20, 2012) The guided-missile destroyer USS Porter (DDG 78) is moored at Naval Station Norfolk during the station's 16th Annual Operation Decorama competition. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Sean Hurt/Released)
 

U.S. CONDEMNS LATEST ATTACKS BY SYRIA AGAINST CIVILIANS IN TOWN OF HELFEYA

Map:  Syria.  Credit:  CIA World Factbook.

FROM: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Syrian Regime Attacks Against Civilians
Press Statement
Patrick Ventrell
Acting Deputy Spokesperson, Office of the Spokesperson
Washington, DC
December 24, 2012

The United States condemns in the strongest terms the latest vicious attacks by the Syrian regime against civilians, most notably the attack on people waiting to buy bread at a bakery in the town of Helfeya. Brutal attacks such as these show that this regime has no future in Syria. Those that commit atrocities will be held accountable. The United States calls on all parties that continue to assist the regime in executing its war against the Syrian people to end their support.

The visit of Joint Special Representative Brahimi to Damascus and his work offers an opportunity to move a political transition forward and the United States continues to support his efforts. We urge the regime to capitalize on the Joint Special Representative's efforts in order to transition to a new government and end the brutal repression of the Syrian people.

RECENT U.S. NAVY PHOTOS

FROM: U.S. NAVY

The 1,000-ton deckhouse of the future destroyer USS Zumwalt (DDG 1000) is craned toward the deck of the ship to be integrated with the ship's hull at General Dynamics Bath Iron Works. The ship launch and christening are planned in 2013. U.S. Navy photo (Released) 121214-N-ZZ999-201

The Los Angeles-class attack submarine USS San Francisco (SSN 711) departs San Diego for a scheduled six-month deployment to the western Pacific region. U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Anthony Walker (Released) 121218-N-QC706-003

 

YES, VIRGINIA THERE IS A SANTA CLAUS



Credit:  Wikimedia Commons.

FROM: U.S. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

Yes, Virginia, There is a Santa Claus
December 24, 2012 by Erin Allen
I remember the moment I found out that jolly old St. Nick was more an idea than a physical person shimmying down a chimney to deposit presents underneath the tree. First clue, we didn’t have a fireplace.

I can’t remember exactly how old I was, probably elementary school age. The night before Christmas I could never fall asleep, which is probably the way of most kids. I remember hearing noises coming from the far side of the house and the screen door off the carport slamming from time to time. As I inched closer to the bedroom door to investigate the ruckus, I remember hearing my dad ask my mom – not quietly enough apparently – where she wanted him to put the presents.

The thing is, I can’t remember being too terribly upset. Christmas was, and still is, wonderful at my house. It’s a time of happiness, silliness, love and giving.

I think Santa still lives on in us, regardless of whether you actually believe – he appeals to the hope and imagination of young and old alike.

Perhaps this editorial for the Sept. 21, 1897, issue of the New York Sun says it best.

Eight-year-old Virginia O’Hanlon wrote a letter to the editor of The New York Sun, and the quick response was printed as an unsigned editorial. The work of veteran newsman Francis P. Church has since become history’s most reprinted newspaper editorial, appearing in part or whole in dozens of languages in books, movies and other editorials, and on posters and stamps.
"Yes Virginia, there is a Santa Claus. He exists as certainly as love and generosity and devotion exist, and you know that they abound and give to your life its highest beauty and joy. Alas! How dreary would the world be if there were no Santa Claus. …. There would be no childlike faith then, no poetry, no romance to make tolerable this existence.
"Nobody sees Santa Claus, but that is no sign that there is no Santa Claus. The most real things in the world are those that neither children nor men see. … Nobody can conceive or imagine all the wonders there are unseen and unseeable in the world.
"A thousand years from now, Virginia, nay 10 times 10,000 years from now, he will continue to make glad the heart of childhood."
Happy holidays to you and yours!

COURT ACTS TO CURB POTENTIAL SALMONELLA INFECTIONS CAUSED BY PEANUT BUTTER PRODUCTS

FROM: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

Friday, December 21, 2012
District Court Enters Permanent Injunction Against New Mexico-Based Producer of Peanut Butter Products and Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer

WASHINGTON - U.S. District Court Judge William P. Johnson entered a consent decree of permanent injunction against Sunland Inc., a Portales, N.M.-based producer of peanut butter, and Jimmie D. Shearer, president and chief executive officer of Sunland, the Justice Department announced today. The department, at the request of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), asked the court to enter the consent decree.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported that since September 2012 at least 35 people from 19 states have been infected with a strain of Salmonella Bredeney. Eight of these individuals were hospitalized as a result of their infection. Peanut butter manufactured by Sunland was identified by FDA and the CDC as a likely source of this outbreak.

As set forth in the complaint filed by the United States on December 20, FDA conducted an inspection of defendants’ facility from Sept. 9 to Oct. 16, 2012. According to the complaint, FDA analyses of samples collected during the 2012 inspection confirmed that certain of Sunland’s nut products were contaminated with Salmonella Bredeney and established the widespread presence of Salmonella Bredeney in Sunland’s facility. Salmonella Bredeney is a pathogenic organism that has a reasonable probability of causing serious adverse health consequences or death to humans.

FDA suspended the registration of Sunland’s food facility on Nov. 26, 2012. As the FDA’s suspension letter explained, the FDA’s analysis found that the Salmonella Bredeney detected at Sunland was indistinguishable from the Salmonella Bredeney identified in the multistate outbreak and the FDA’s investigation uncovered a number of practices that likely result in cross-contamination between raw peanuts and peanuts that had been roasted or brined. Specifically, packaging equipment was not effectively cleaned to prevent contamination; collapsible mesh totes used to store and transport nuts were not cleaned and sanitized between uses; employees came into contact with ready to package, roasted, in-shell peanuts with their bare hands; and processing equipment had unused connections that could facilitate the growth of pathogenic bacteria by allowing food material and water to accumulate.

The FDA concluded that unless and until Sunland implemented a number of corrective actions, and FDA evaluated the completed corrective actions to assure their adequacy, food manufactured and held by Sunland would continue to pose a reasonable probability of causing serious adverse health consequences or death to humans or animals.

Shortly after the suspension of Sunland’s registration, the United States filed suit to permanently enjoin Sunland and Shearer from delivering adulterated foods into interstate commerce. The consent decree entered resolves that suit by requiring Sunland to take a wide range of actions to correct its violations and ensure that they do not happen again. Among other actions, Sunland must develop and implement sanitation control programs; provide FDA the opportunity to inspect the facilities to assure Sunland’s compliance with the consent decree, the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and applicable regulations; and receive written authorization from FDA to resume operations. Sunland must also implement testing, monitoring and remediation protocols.

"This consent decree prohibits Sunland from selling processed foods to consumers until it fully complies with the law," said Stuart F. Delery, Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Justice Department’s Civil Division. "As this case demonstrates, the Department of Justice and FDA will work together to protect the health and safety of Americans by making sure that those who produce and sell the food we eat follow the law."

Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General Delery thanked the FDA for referring this matter to the Department of Justice. Roger Gural, Trial Attorney at the Consumer Protection Branch of the Justice Department, in conjunction with Assistant U.S. Attorney Michael Hoses in the District of New Mexico, and Scott Kaplan and Jillian Wein Riley, Counsel at FDA’s Office of the Chief Counsel, brought this case on behalf of the United States.

THE RIGHT STUFF: FROM HEROS TO JOB CREATORS

FROM:  U.S. DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS

Heroes on the Homefront: New Report Highlights Veterans as Job Creatorsby Marie Johns
 
I’m excited to announce the release of a report by the Interagency Task Force on Veterans Small Business Development called "Heroes on the Homefront: Supporting Veteran Success as Small Business Owners." This is the second report of its kind where task force members from seven agencies have come together to collaborate on small business issues that are unique to Veteran business owners.

The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) believes that two of America’s greatest assets are the service of our returning veterans and the economic dynamism of our small businesses. It is no secret that entrepreneurs and small businesses are the engines of American innovation and economic prosperity. For example, our nation’s 28 million small firms employ 60 million Americans, or half of the private sector workforce, and they are responsible for creating 2 out of 3 net new private sector jobs across the country. And, these numbers are even better when looking at Veteran Owned Small Businesses:
U.S. military veterans own 2.4 million businesses, or nearly 1 in 10 of all businesses nationwide. 8.3 percent of veteran business owners have service-connected disabilities.
Veteran-owned businesses generate $1.2 trillion in receipts and employ nearly 5.8 million people.
In the private sector workforce, veterans are at least 45 percent more likely than those with no active-duty military experience to be self-employed.
The focus of this year’s report, the Task Force’s second, is to provide updates on the 18 recommendations that were made in last year’s report. The recommendations are organized around three priority areas for engaging the Federal government: (1) Increase Opportunities for Growth; (2) Improve and Expand Counseling and Training Services; and (3) Reduce Barriers to Growth and Improve Coordination and Efficiencies.

We are pleased to report great progress has been made since the Task Force’s initial review. In FY 2012, the Task Force, along with the interagency Veterans Employment Initiative, developed and piloted a re-designed military transition program, entitled Transition GPS, that includes an entrepreneurship training program called "Operation Boots to Business: from Service to Startup." This program is expected to be rolled out nationally in the coming year. The Task Force has also worked to streamline programs and cut paperwork for veteran small businesses through support for initiatives such as BusinessUSA and QuickApp for surety bonds and it has continued the efforts begun last year to make the process of winning Federal government contracts simpler and easier for service-disabled veterans and veteran-owned small business.

We know that our nation’s veterans helped reshape the American economy following World War II. They helped to build one of the longest periods of economic growth in our country’s history. And we know they can do it again if they are simply given the right tools and the right opportunities.

That’s why the SBA and the entire Obama Administration is committed to ensuring that these amazing men and women have the access and opportunity they need to fully realize their potential as entrepreneurs and small business owners.

These men have women have served our country so well. And as they begin this next chapter in their lives, we are prepared to be with them every step of the way.

Marie Johns is Deputy Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration. She is responsible for management and oversight of the agency, and leads the agency’s efforts to reach underserved communities.

First Lady Michelle Obama Reads 'The Night Before Christmas' with Kermit the Frog | The White House

First Lady Michelle Obama Reads 'The Night Before Christmas' with Kermit the Frog | The White House

U.S. JOINT ENABLING CAPABILITIES COMMAND

Army Spc. Sonya Johnson, center, sets up a Hawkeye III to provide communications during Operation Tomodachi at Yokota Air Base, Japan, March 22, 2011. U.S. Air Force photo by Osakabe Yasuo

FROM: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
 
Joint Enablers Bring Expertise to Contingency Responses
By Donna Miles
American Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, Dec. 21, 2012 - Despite words like "cuts," "streamlining" and "drawdown" sprinkling nearly every reference to the Defense Department, the commander of Joint Enabling Capabilities Command sees no downturn in the appetite for the specialized skills and experience his people provide.

That's because the new defense strategy and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Martin E. Dempsey's Capstone Concept for Joint Operations both recognize that contingency operations are likely to become more -- not less -- frequent in the decade ahead, Navy Rear Adm. Scott A. Stearney explained.

Whether for combat operations or a response to a humanitarian disaster, U.S. military forces will be called on to provide support, Stearney said. And wherever they operate, it will almost assuredly be as a joint force that deploys with little advance notice and hits the ground running.

That means they'll need a command-and-control structure able to spring into action with them at full throttle.

That's the calling card for Joint Enabling Capabilities Command, the Defense Department's 9-1-1 force for joint force headquarters operations, Stearney said.

The JECC is the department's "A team" for the capabilities needed to quickly stand up and operate a Joint Task Force, with experts in operations, plans, knowledge management, intelligence, logistics, communications and public affairs.

They deploy anywhere in the world within just a few days' notice, organized in teams tailored to the specific combatant commander's mission to augment assets already on the ground.

"The service forces always have the bulk of the response. They have the bulk of the headquarters staff and the largest number of people," Stearney said. "So when we find out what the requirement is, we send just what is needed. We send very high-performing, small, mission-tailored teams that are very experienced" in joint task force headquarters operations.

"They bring those joint skill sets that are required to make those task forces truly joint," Stearney said.

The JECC and its three support elements -- joint planning, joint communications and joint public affairs -- have supported every major military operation since 9/11. That has ranged from contingency missions in Iraq and Afghanistan to humanitarian assistance and disaster relief missions in Pakistan, Haiti and Japan.

Over the past year, the JECC deployed teams to support training for the next U.S. and NATO rotation to Afghanistan and during U.S. European Command's annual Unified Endeavor exercise with Israel. Most recently, 22 JECC members deployed to New Jersey and New York to provide communications and public affairs support for U.S. Northern Command's Hurricane Sandy response.

"We provide the rapid joint task force enabling capabilities for the Department of Defense as a 9-1-1 force that provides these skill sets to any type of JTF that would stand up as a result of any type of emerging crisis," Stearney said. "It doesn't matter if it's Pacific Command or Central Command or Southern Command or another command. We support them all."

To keep their skills sharp and ensure they're familiar faces on the scene when they deploy to a crisis or contingency, the JECC members work closely with every geographic combatant command. JECC teams deploy to every major "Tier 1" annual training event in support of the Joint Staff and combatant commands. They serve as observer-controllers, sharing expertise, and sometimes, as participants.

"By exercising broadly across the multiple geographic theaters, we are creating these very live networks with the people who we support," Stearney said. "We are staying plugged in to the different scenarios across the spectrum of military operations, and by doing that, we are staying current."

This broad, military-wide exposure, he said, gives JECC members a perspective that their peers at the COCOM level who don't regularly conduct joint task force operations might not see. They're able to identify mistakes and share best practices, both with the specific command, but also will the Joint Staff to enhance joint task force operations military-wide.

Regardless of the nature of location of a contingency, Stearney said successful JTF headquarters operations boil down to a core truism. "Command and control is command and control," he said. "Although the scenario may change a bit, it is all a matter of how rapidly that commander can take charge of the situation by going through the stages of the joint operational planning process, how they do joint public affairs and how they do the joint work that we specialize in."

DOD identified the need for this capability in 2000, and war-gamed the concept of a deployable JTF headquarters during the Millennium Challenge 2002 exercise.

Based on that experience, every geographic command except Central Command stood up its own standing joint task force headquarters. The since-dissolved Joint Forces Command's standing JTF headquarters focused at the time on operations within Centcom and augmented the other units, as required.

The JECC stood up as a separate command in 2008, and it assumed the missions of the COCOM-level standing joint task force headquarters when former Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates eliminated the COCOM-level headquarters in 2010 as part of his department-wide efficiency review.

In another organizational change, the JECC was moved under the umbrella of U.S. Transportation Command when Joint Forces Command was dissolved in 2011.

Air Force Gen. William F. Fraser III, the Transcom commander, has become a big fan of the JECC, recognizing its contributions to Transcom's global deployment and distribution enterprise. Citing myriad JECC missions during congressional testimony earlier this year, Fraser called the joint enablers a key element in the United States' ability to project national power and influence anywhere, at any time.

"Though the missions were of varying size, scope and complexity, in each instance, the JECC provided immediate, short-duration support to increase the effectiveness of joint command and control at the operational level," he said.

Looking ahead to the future, Stearney recognizes that the JECC, like every other DOD entity, will face tight fiscal scrutiny. "But as most of the services are drawing down and making plans to potentially reduce different types of accounts, I think I am in a growth business," he said, recognizing the importance placed on command and control and the high demand for joint enabling capabilities.

That's because Dempsey's vision, outlined in the Capstone Concept for Joint Operations, "is clearly that the future of warfare is rapidly forming, agile, joint globally integrated operations," Stearney said. "There will be more conflicts as opposed to fewer conflicts. And each will require some type of command and control structure."

Despite downsizing pressure across the military, Stearney said it's important not to undo progress made over the past 11 years that will ensure the success of the U.S. military and its joint forces for the next decade.

"I think one of the lessons we have learned over the last 11 years at war has been that we are really, really good when we are in joint coalition command and control centers," he said. "We are able to share information, to use information and really develop the value of information, ideas, words and networks as the weapons systems of the future.

"And that is what makes Joint Enabling Capabilities Command such a valuable asset," he added. "They have immediate credibility when they reach their destination after any kind of crisis event. They get the job done and then they redeploy, without a lot of fanfare."