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| Map Credit: CIA World Factbook |
On the Occasion of the Republic of Turkey's National Day
Press Statement
Hillary Rodham Clinton
Secretary of State
Washington, DC
October 26, 2012
On behalf of President Obama and the people of the United States, I am delighted to send best wishes to the people of Turkey as you celebrate the 89th anniversary of the founding of the modern Republic of Turkey this October 29.
On this special day, we reaffirm the strong partnership between our nations and the common desire to bolster peace and security around the world, promote economic prosperity, and encourage democratic transitions. This year we also celebrate the 60th anniversary of Turkey’s NATO membership and our collaboration to deepen global security and combat terrorism, including regional threats like the PKK. The United States deeply appreciates the sacrifices the Turkish people are making to provide relief to over 100,000 Syrians seeking refuge from Asad’s brutality. And we stand with you as a friend and partner as we work together to address this conflict and ease the burden of this humanitarian crisis.
I look forward to deepening the already strong ties between us as we work together for a more peaceful and prosperous world.
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| Map Credit: CIA World Factbook. |
Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his authoritarian leadership, the country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and intermittent military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known as the Kurdistan People's Congress or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has dominated the Turkish military's attention and claimed more than 30,000 lives. After the capture of the group's leader in 1999, the insurgents largely withdrew from Turkey mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK announced an end to its ceasefire and attacks attributed to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1964, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community. Over the past decade, it has undertaken many reforms to strengthen its democracy and economy; it began accession membership talks with the European Union in 2005.
