CDC WARNS HOSPITALS TO RESERVE ZINC SUPPLIES DURING NATIONAL SHORTAGES

FROM:  CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION 
Zinc Deficiency–Associated Dermatitis in Infants During a Nationwide Shortage of Injectable Zinc — Washington, DC, and Houston, Texas, 2012–2013

Duke J. Ruktanonchai, M.D.
Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Public Health Service
CDC Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer
Texas Department of State Health Services

During national shortages of injectable zinc, hospitals should consider reserving supplies for infants at highest risk for deficiency. Injectable zinc, a vital component of parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations, was reported to be in short supply in 2012. Early reports resulted in the publication of a MMWR notice regarding the shortage and early reports of problems in premature infants. Premature and low birth weight (LBW) infants are especially vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.  This report discusses investigation into the effects of the shortage on a group of premature infants in two states. Through collaboration of CDC, FDA, the American Academy of Pediatrics, hospitals, and clinicians, public health actions were taken to prevent zinc deficiency disorders in vulnerable infants during the shortage.

HHS ARTICLE ON GIVING SMALL CHILDREN COUGH AND COLD MEDICATIONS

FROM:  U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 
From the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, I’m Ira Dreyfuss with HHS HealthBeat.

Cough and cold medications for infants under 2 years of age have been withdrawn from the U.S. market – and labels warn against giving cough and cold meds to children under 4 years old – and it looks like children are better for it. Researchers say the number of visits by young children to emergency departments because of problems from these medications has fallen.

However, the study at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes that many children still have problems from these medications. So researcher Lee Hampton advises:

“Do not give cough and cold medications to children less than 4 years old. Keep your medications stored up and away and out of sight. And properly lock child-resistant caps after every use.”

The study is in the journal Pediatrics.

FDA WORKS TO UNDERSTAND THE SAFETY OF ANESTHESIA FOR INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN

FROM:  U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION 
When infants or young children need surgery, does anesthesia affect their developing brains?

With more than 1 million children under age 4 requiring anesthesia for surgery in the United States each year, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other health organizations are working together to answer this question.

Previous scientific studies in young animals have shown that commonly used anesthetics can be harmful to the developing brain. However, results have been mixed in children. Some studies of infants and young children undergoing anesthesia have reported long-term deficits in learning and behavior; other studies have not.

These conflicting results show that more research is needed to fully understand the risks anesthesia may pose to very young patients.

To close these research gaps, FDA and the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) started an initiative called SmartTots (Strategies for Mitigating Anesthesia-Related neuroToxicity in Tots). SmartTots seeks to ensure that children under age 4 will be as safe as possible when they need anesthesia during surgery. Studies have shown that this is a period of significant brain development in young children.

"Our hope is that research funded through SmartTots will help us design the safest anesthetic regimens possible," says Bob Rappaport, M.D., director of the Division of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Addiction Products at FDA. "This research can potentially foster the development of new and safer anesthetic drugs for use in pediatric medicine."

According to SmartTots steering committee co-chair James Ramsay, M.D., young children usually do not undergo surgery unless the procedure is vital to their health. "Therefore, postponing a necessary procedure may itself lead to significant health problems and may not be an option for the majority of children," Ramsey says.